atk4\data\Model::save PHP Method

    public function save($data = [])
    {
        if (!$this->persistence) {
            throw new Exception(['Model is not associated with any database']);
        }
        if ($data) {
            $this->set($data);
        }
        return $this->atomic(function () {
            if ($this->hook('beforeSave') === false) {
                return $this;
            }
            $is_update = $this->loaded();
            if ($is_update) {
                $data = [];
                $dirty_join = false;
                foreach ($this->dirty as $name => $junk) {
                    $field = $this->hasElement($name);
                    if (!$field || $field->read_only || $field->never_persist || $field->never_save) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    // get the value of the field
                    $value = $this->get($name);
                    if (isset($field->join)) {
                        $dirty_join = true;
                        // storing into a different table join
                        $field->join->set($name, $value);
                    } else {
                        $data[$name] = $value;
                    }
                }
                // No save needed, nothing was changed
                if (!$data && !$dirty_join) {
                    return $this;
                }
                if ($this->hook('beforeUpdate', [&$data]) === false) {
                    return $this;
                }
                $this->persistence->update($this, $this->id, $data);
                $this->hook('afterUpdate', [&$data]);
            } else {
                $data = [];
                foreach ($this->get() as $name => $value) {
                    $field = $this->hasElement($name);
                    if (!$field || $field->read_only || $field->never_persist || $field->never_save) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    if (isset($field->join)) {
                        // storing into a different table join
                        $field->join->set($name, $value);
                    } else {
                        $data[$name] = $value;
                    }
                }
                if ($this->hook('beforeInsert', [&$data]) === false) {
                    return $this;
                }
                // Collect all data of a new record
                $this->id = $this->persistence->insert($this, $data);
                $this->hook('afterInsert', [$this->id]);
                if ($this->reload_after_save !== false) {
                    $d = $this->dirty;
                    $this->dirty = [];
                    $this->reload();
                    $this->_dirty_after_reload = $this->dirty;
                    $this->dirty = $d;
                }
            }
            $this->hook('afterSave');
            if ($this->loaded()) {
                $this->dirty = $this->_dirty_after_reload;
            }
            return $this;
        });
    }

 public function testAtomicOperations()
 {
     $db = new Persistence_SQL($this->db->connection);
     $a = ['item' => [['name' => 'John'], ['name' => 'Sue'], ['name' => 'Smith']]];
     $this->setDB($a);
     $m = new Model($db, 'item');
     $m->addField('name');
     $m->load(2);
     $m->addHook('afterSave', function ($m) {
         throw new \Exception('Awful thing happened');
     });
     $m['name'] = 'XXX';
     try {
         $m->save();
     } catch (\Exception $e) {
     }
     $this->assertEquals('Sue', $this->getDB()['item'][2]['name']);
     $m->addHook('afterDelete', function ($m) {
         throw new \Exception('Awful thing happened');
     });
     try {
         $m->delete();
     } catch (\Exception $e) {
     }
     $this->assertEquals('Sue', $this->getDB()['item'][2]['name']);
 }