public static function meanAbsoluteDeviation(array $numbers)
{
if (empty($numbers)) {
return null;
}
$x = Average::mean($numbers);
$∑│xᵢ − x│ = array_sum(array_map(function ($xᵢ) use($x) {
return abs($xᵢ - $x);
}, $numbers));
$N = count($numbers);
return $∑│xᵢ − x│ / $N;
}